Notes

Effects of Spatial Location on Synaptic Impact Different Types of Chemical Synapses based on Spatial Location

• Axosomatic Synapses
• Axodendritic Synapses
• Axo-axonic Synapses

Electronic Attenuation of Electrical Signals with Distance

Place-Dependent Post-Synaptic Functional Impact Signals are amplified in synapses through channels like NMDA, which is voltage-dependent.

Effects of Timing on Synaptic Impact EPSP Summation (a) A presynaptic action potential triggers a small EPSP in a postsynaptic neuron. (b) Spatial summation of EPSPs: When two or more presynaptic inputs are active at the same time, their individual EPSPs add together. (c) Temporal summation of EPSPs: When the same presynaptic fiber fires action potentials in quick succession, the individual EPSPs add together.

Integrating Synaptic Signals in a Simple Circuit Feed-Forward Inhibition in the Reflex Spinal Cord Circuit In the Spinal Cord reflex we have a circuit that induces opposite effects (excitation and inhibition) with respect to extensor and flexor muscular neurons. Indeed, when the sensory neurons sense a change in muscular stretch are excited and spike. The action potential generated from the sensory neuron, as shown in the image, generates an EPSP in the extensor MN which induces a muscle extension, at the same time the action potential excites an interneuron that inhibits the Flexor MN, thus relaxing the flexor facilitating the muscle extension.