The Two Divisions of the Dorsolateral Motor Pathway
Corticospinal Tract
Origins: Primary Motor Cortex (MI), Premotor Cortex, Supplemental Motor Cortex, Anterior Paracentral Gyrus, Parietal Lobe (including SI) and Cingulate Gyrus.
Collaterals: Small percentage of Corticospinal Neurons
Midbrain (primarily red nucleus)
Trigeminal Nuclei
Pontine Nuclei
Termination is Spinal Cord: mostly laminae 3-7, few in ventral horn and laminae 1-2; mostly innervating interneurons, although some innervation of alpha motor neurons.
Neurotransmitter: Glutamate and/or Aspartate.
Corticobulbar Tracts
Control over facial muscles; bilateral input to motor neurons controlling muscles in upper face, but contralateral input to motor neurons controlling lower face (in humans, not sure about rodents).
Control over muscles of mastication: motor trigeminal and RF. (Reticular Formation)
Control over external eye muscles: input comes from frontal and parietal eye fields, rather than from MI; projection to midbrain and paramedian pontine RF
Control over tongue: hypoglossal and RF
Control over swallowing reflexes: nucleus ambiguous and RF.