Notes

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A collection of fragments of understanding in the pursuit of deeper questions.

The Two Divisions of the Dorsolateral Motor Pathway

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Corticospinal Tract

  • Origins: Primary Motor Cortex (MI), Premotor Cortex, Supplemental Motor Cortex, Anterior Paracentral Gyrus, Parietal Lobe (including SI) and Cingulate Gyrus.
  • Collaterals: Small percentage of Corticospinal Neurons
    1. Midbrain (primarily red nucleus)
    2. Trigeminal Nuclei
    3. Pontine Nuclei
  • Termination is Spinal Cord: mostly laminae 3-7, few in ventral horn and laminae 1-2; mostly innervating interneurons, although some innervation of alpha motor neurons.
  • Neurotransmitter: Glutamate and/or Aspartate.

Corticobulbar Tracts

  • Control over facial muscles; bilateral input to motor neurons controlling muscles in upper face, but contralateral input to motor neurons controlling lower face (in humans, not sure about rodents).
  • Control over muscles of mastication: motor trigeminal and RF. (Reticular Formation)
  • Control over external eye muscles: input comes from frontal and parietal eye fields, rather than from MI; projection to midbrain and paramedian pontine RF
  • Control over tongue: hypoglossal and RF
  • Control over swallowing reflexes: nucleus ambiguous and RF.